As is often the case in the spring, satellites detected dozens of fires burning in Russia’s far eastern Amur province in late-March 2018. Fires usually flare up around the time that the winter snow cover melts.

The fires were initially quite small. Most of them were probably lit by people, mainly to burn dried grasses and old crop debris from fields. People in the area routinely light fires in the spring to fertilize the soil, maintain pasturelands, and prevent forest encroachment.

Many of the fires near the Amur and Zeya rivers spread rapidly over the following week. By April, several were raging out of control—in some cases burning through forests. Dahurian larch dominates forests in Amur, though deciduous trees such as birch and aspen are also common.

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi NPP satellite captured this natural-color image of smoke streaming from several fires on April 4, 2018. Recently charred areas appear black. Rivers, still ice-covered, are white.

Hundreds of firefighters are working in the region, according to news reports. However, the fires are proving difficult to control and have spread about 20,000 hectares (80 square miles) per day. On April 5, authorities reported extinguishing 15 fires, but 23 new fires emerged on the same day.

• References

• Kobayashi, M. (2007) Regeneration after Forest Fires in mixed Conifer Broad-leaved Forests of the Amur Region in Far Eastern Russia. Eurasian Journal of Forest Research, 10 (1), 51-58.
• Newell, J. (2004) Amur Oblast. The Russian Far East: A Reference Guide for Conservation and Development. Accessed April 6, 2010.
• The Weather Channel (2016, May 11) Wildfire in Eastern Russia Creates Massive Columns of Smoke Seen From Space. Accessed April 6, 2018.
• Xinhuanet (2018, April 5) Area ravaged by forest fires in Russia's Far East increases by 20,000 hectares per day.

NASA images by Jeff Schmaltz, LANCE/EOSDIS Rapid Response. Story by Adam Voiland.

Instrument(s): 

Suomi NPP - VIIRS